What are the long term effects of diabetes?
Long-term uncontrolled diabetes can lead to severe complications, including cardiovascular disease, nerve damage (neuropathy), kidney disease (nephropathy), and vision problems such as diabetic retinopathy. Poor blood sugar management increases the risk of foot problems, including ulcers and infections, which can lead to amputation. Diabetes also raises the risk of stroke, heart attack, and cognitive decline. Maintaining tight blood sugar control, staying active, and following a balanced diet are essential to prevent or delay these long-term complications.
1
Hearing Impairment
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Diabetes may increase the risk of hearing problems due to damage to the blood vessels and nerves in the inner ear. Regular hearing checks are recommended.
2
Bone and Joint Disorders
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Diabetes can increase the risk of osteoporosis, making bones weaker and more prone to fractures. Conditions like osteoarthritis and carpal tunnel syndrome may also develop.
3
Bladder Problems
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Nerve damage from diabetes can lead to bladder problems, including urinary incontinence, frequent urination, and a higher risk of urinary tract infections.
4
Gum Disease (Periodontitis)
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High blood sugar can weaken the body’s ability to fight infections, increasing the risk of gum disease. Poor dental hygiene can further exacerbate this issue.
5
Mental Decline
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Diabetes can cause cognitive decline over time, impacting memory, decision-making, and the ability to concentrate due to long-term effects on brain health.
6
Skin Conditions
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People with diabetes are more prone to skin problems such as bacterial and fungal infections, dry skin, and poor wound healing. Good skin care can help prevent these issues.
7
Joint and Mobility Issues
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Diabetes can cause joint problems, such as limited mobility or stiffness, particularly in the hands and shoulders, making it harder to stay active and maintain overall health.
8
Increased Risk of Infections
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Elevated blood sugar levels weaken the immune system, making people with diabetes more susceptible to infections such as urinary tract infections and pneumonia.
9
Digestive Problems
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Diabetes can affect the digestive system, causing conditions like gastroparesis, which slows stomach emptying and leads to nausea, vomiting, and bloating.
10
Eye Damage (Retinopathy)
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Diabetes can damage the blood vessels in the eyes, leading to conditions like diabetic retinopathy, cataracts, and glaucoma, which can eventually cause vision loss.
11
Kidney Damage (Nephropathy)
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Diabetes can damage the kidneys' filtering system, leading to chronic kidney disease or even kidney failure in severe cases, requiring dialysis or a transplant.
12
Heart Disease
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Over time, high blood sugar levels can damage the blood vessels and nerves controlling the heart, leading to an increased risk of heart disease and stroke.
13
Sexual Dysfunction
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Diabetes can lead to sexual health problems, such as erectile dysfunction in men and decreased libido or vaginal dryness in women, due to nerve and blood vessel damage.
14
Nerve Damage (Neuropathy)
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High blood sugar levels can damage nerves, particularly in the legs and feet, causing pain, tingling, numbness, or weakness. This can lead to serious complications, including infections and amputations.
15
Chronic Fatigue
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Long-term diabetes can lead to feelings of constant fatigue, often caused by poor blood sugar control, dehydration, or complications such as anemia or heart disease.
16
Foot Complications
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Nerve damage and poor circulation caused by diabetes can lead to foot ulcers, infections, and even amputations if left untreated. Regular foot care is essential.
17
Sleep Apnea
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People with type 2 diabetes are more likely to develop sleep apnea, a condition where breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep, affecting overall health and blood sugar control.
18
Depression
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People with diabetes are at a higher risk of developing depression due to the emotional strain of managing a chronic condition. This can make diabetes management more difficult.
19
Alzheimer’s Disease
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There is evidence suggesting a link between type 2 diabetes and an increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease or other forms of dementia due to the impact of high blood sugar on brain function.
20
Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)
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Diabetes increases the risk of peripheral artery disease, which restricts blood flow to the legs and feet, leading to pain, numbness, and poor healing of wounds.