Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, called inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Crohn’s disease and microscopic colitis are the other common IBDs. Ulcerative colitis is a chronic disease that causes inflammation and ulcers on the inner lining of the large intestine.
Ulcerative colitis most often begins gradually and can become worse over time. Symptoms can be mild to severe. Most people have periods of remission and the goal of care is to keep people in remission long term.
While the exact cause of ulcerative colitis is unknown, researchers believe the following factors may play a role:
Ulcerative colitis (UC) falls under the category of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). This chronic condition leads to inflammation and ulcers in the colon and rectum. Active UC is marked by symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea (hematochezia), weight loss, fever, and anemia. The severity of symptoms can vary, and they often manifest gradually. It is common for symptoms to occur intermittently, with periods of remission between flares. Complications may include abnormal colon dilation (megacolon), inflammation in the eyes, joints, or liver, and an increased risk of colon cancer.
The precise cause of UC remains unknown, but theories suggest immune system dysfunction, genetic factors, alterations in gut bacteria, and environmental influences. Rates of UC are higher in developed countries, with some attributing this to reduced exposure to intestinal infections or a Westernized lifestyle.
Interestingly, early removal of the appendix may offer protective benefits. Diagnosis typically involves a colonoscopy with tissue biopsies.
Managing UC involves dietary adjustments, such as maintaining a high-calorie or lactose-free diet. Medications, including aminosalicylates (e.g., mesalazine or sulfasalazine), steroids, immunosuppressants (e.g., azathioprine), and biologic therapy, are employed to treat symptoms and induce remission. In severe cases or when complications like colon cancer arise, surgical removal of the colon may be necessary. This procedure, which also involves removing the rectum, often results in a cure for the condition.
References:
Diabetes has emerged as a major public health concern in India, with the country being…
Pan-Seared Halibut with Lemon Herb Sauce is a light, flavorful dish that’s perfect for any…
Seared Scallops in Olive Oil is a dish that highlights the natural sweetness and delicate…
A Salmon Burger is a delicious and healthy alternative to the traditional beef burger. Made…
Salmon Tacos bring a fresh, healthy twist to the classic taco. Flaky, tender salmon is…
Sautéed Shrimp and Zucchini is a simple yet flavorful dish that’s perfect for a light…